CSS Agriculture & Forestry Past Paper 2017
PART-2(Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt ONLY FOUR Questions from PART-II by selecting TWO questions from EACH
SECTION. (20×4)
PART-II
SECTION-I
Q. No. 2. Energy is the driving force for agricultural output. Fossil fuels have aggravated the problem of pollution. What are alternate sources which can be manipulated to earn carbon credits and result in comparable levels of farm output with already available sources? Discuss in light of scientific advancement and economics.
Q. No. 3. It is a well-established fact that irrigation water is the most critical factor in crop production, and its efficient use is imperative in terms of water scarcity in semi-arid and arid zones of Pakistan. What technological advancements and up-gradations have Government Institutions/Organizations at national and provincial levels imparted in farm water management? Also, elaborate on environmental and economic issues related to these techniques of farm water management.
Q. No. 4. What are the prospects of biofuel crops in Pakistan? How much land and labor can be allotted for these crops to compromise with cereal and vegetable crops, economically and socially, keeping in view small holdings? Some trading corporations have called for a worldwide ban on biofuels production, claiming that it contributes to food shortages.
Q. No. 5. Rural demography in Pakistan is in a transition phase towards mini-urbanization. How can this shift affect gender discrimination and parity in rural societies regarding farm income, rural infrastructure, and rural livelihoods? Can present educational investment in rural areas improve human resource involvement in decision-making and development? What are the prospects for equitable and healthy rural communities in Pakistan?
SECTION-II
Q. No. 6. Implications for Sustainable Forest Management and Livelihood Security rest on non-participatory roles of the human population. How have present forest policies prevented this role, and how can policies be amended to prioritize people’s involvement in raising forests and plantations? Also, elaborate on the preference for molecular biology over traditional forest breeding to support the purposes of ethnobotany, eco-tourism, and carbon sequestration.
Q. No. 7. Discuss in detail the constraints in new rangeland development in low and high altitudes in Pakistan. What are the reasons for the degradation of old rangelands? Also, explain the vision for the formulation of the range policy in the country.
Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any four of the following: (5 marks each)
(a) Silvopastoral planning
(b) Forest and climate change; preparedness and strategies in Pakistan
(c) Zero waste agriculture
(d) Economic and social impacts of land reforms on rural societies in Pakistan
(e) Improvement in animal husbandry practices
(f) Biosafety regulations in Pakistan
NOTE: Before 2016 Agriculture & Forestry were Two Different Papers.