CSS International Relations Past Paper 2021
PAPER-I (Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. (20×4)
PART-II
Q. No. 2. Define International Relations and discuss its evolving scope, highlighting how globalization, transnational actors, and emerging global challenges have shaped its modern framework.
Q. No. 3. Compare modernist IR theories, particularly Realism and Liberalism, with postmodernist IR theories such as Feminism and Constructivism. Focus on their core principles, assumptions, and practical applications in understanding global politics.
Q. No. 4. Explain the concept of “Comprehensive Security” and differentiate it from the traditional concept of “Power.” Evaluate whether it is a suitable framework for addressing the challenges faced by developing and poor countries.
Q. No. 5. Identify and explain various conflict resolution methods, including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and peacebuilding. Provide examples of their application in international disputes.
Q. No. 6. Discuss the role of the economy in shaping state behavior. Analyze how economic factors influence the definition of national interest and serve as tools for achieving foreign policy objectives, with relevant examples.
Q. No. 7. Identify the different types of non-state actors in International Relations, such as multinational corporations, NGOs, terrorist organizations, and transnational advocacy networks. Discuss their impact on the international system.
Q. No. 8. Identify and discuss the key determinants of Pakistan’s foreign policy, including geography, security concerns, economic priorities, ideological factors, and international alliances.
PAPER-II (Subjective) 80 Marks
Attempt ONLY FOUR questionsfrom PART-II. (20×4)
PART-II
Q. No. 2. Examine China’s strategic vision behind the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also known as the One Belt One Road (OBOR). Discuss its geopolitical, economic, and developmental objectives and its implications for global power dynamics.
Q. No. 3. Provide a critical appraisal of Pakistan’s foreign policy with respect to climate change, focusing on its challenges, international commitments, and the need for integrating climate diplomacy into broader foreign policy frameworks.
Q. No. 4. Analyze the potential reasons behind the emerging water conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan, considering the impact of shared river basins, developmental projects, and regional geopolitics.
Q. No. 5. Discuss the National Energy Policy of Pakistan in the context of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) signed in 2015. Highlight key energy projects, their implementation status, and the challenges to achieving energy security.
Q. No. 6. Define “pandemic” and discuss how pandemic management strategies can be integrated into Pakistan’s governance system. Highlight lessons learned from COVID-19 and the need for health sector reforms.
Q. No. 7. Explain the establishment of BRICS, its objectives, and the countries involved. Discuss its role in reshaping global governance and promoting multipolarity in the international system.
Q. No. 8. Discuss strategies for Pakistan to develop credible capabilities to counter hybrid warfare. Address cyber defense, information security, and counter-narrative development as part of a comprehensive approach.